The International Security Assistance Force was established in December 2001 under a UN Security Council resolution to help provide security in Kabul. NATO assumed command in August 2003, and the mission’s area of operations expanded over the following years.
Many countries contributed troops, civilians, and funding. ISAF’s combat mission ended in December 2014 and was succeeded by a smaller training and advisory mission.
Studies of coalition warfare look at issues such as caveats on how forces can be used, burden-sharing, and public support at home.
